Born to a newly bourgeois family, at the age of ten he was sent to study grammar in Barcelona.
From 1860 to 1866, he lived in León, where he taught theology and began his investigations into archaeology, history, and epigraphy.
During those years, he made a special effort to identify signs of Roman presence in the area.
He was named an Academician at the Real Academia de la Historia in 1877; settling in Madrid, where he lived for over thirty years.
Most of the world's experts on that subject were his friends or acquaintances; notably Emil Hübner, who was preparing a supplement to the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum.