Reports of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars (speakers Vladimir Lenin and Yakov Sverdlov);2.

[2] The resolution adopted at the end of the first meeting (drawn up in advance, even before the start of the Congress) read: the exclusive right to decide all issues related to war and peace belongs to the All–Russian Congress of Soviets and the authorized bodies of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars; the People's Commissar for Military Affairs Lev Trotsky to instruct to clear the Red Army units of provocateurs and "mercenaries of imperialism"; to send an extraordinary commission to Kursk – Lgov to suppress provocations and establish order.

On July 6, 1918, at about 15:00, Left Socialist Revolutionaries Yakov Blumkin and Nikolai Andreev carried out the murder of the German ambassador, Count Mirbach, entering the embassy mansion with forged documents and hiding from the scene of the crime.

Thus, with the help of a terrorist act against "agents of imperialism", the Central Committee of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries hoped to influence the policy of the Soviet government, which could not be changed in a legitimate way – to provoke Germany to break the Brest–Litovsk Peace and force the Bolsheviks to abandon the "shameful policy of compromise".

In connection with these events, at about 18:00 on July 6, the entire faction of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries was arrested at the Bolshoi Theater, as well as representatives of other parties, except for the Bolsheviks (450 people in total).

From the memoirs of Jacob Peters: Just then Trotsky or Vladimir Ilyich phoned – I don't remember – and said that Latsis should remain in the All–Russian Extraordinary Commission, while I, along with others, should went to the Bolshoi Theater and arrested a faction of Left Socialist Revolutionaries.

[3]Until late in the evening, isolated Left Socialist Revolutionaries held conferences, decided organizational issues, re–elected the faction's bureau and adopted a declaration on the assassination of Mirbach, which they intended to read after the Congress resumed, then they sang revolutionary songs and finally settled down to sleep.

The first to speak was Trotsky with a report on the events that had just happened in Moscow, sharply condemning the actions of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries and declaring: "This party killed itself on the days of July 6 and 7 forever".