The Fifth Republic Movement (Spanish: Movimiento V [Quinta] República, MVR) was a socialist political party in Venezuela.

It was founded in July 1997, following a national congress of the Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200, to support the candidacy of Hugo Chávez, the former President of Venezuela, in the 1998 presidential election.

In the early years after his release, Chávez considered the possibility of another coup attempt, but with the prospects appearing slim, some advisers, notably Luis Miquilena, urged him to reconsider his scepticism of the elections.

[citation needed] The party was committed to the Bolivarian Revolution and claimed to be the political voice of the country's poor.

Despite opposition from within the grassroots movements, a candidate list was drawn up by the leadership of various MVR allied parties.

After the elections, Chavez stated that in the future, primaries would be held to empower the rank and file to select candidates.

The Second Republic is the restored republican regime that was instituted by Simón Bolívar after his Admirable Campaign in 1813, and which lasted until 1814.

The Third Republic refers to the period after 1816 in which various patriot guerrilla bands joined under Bolívar's leadership in the Llanos of Venezuela and set up an independent government.