Fiji Hindi (Devanagari: फ़िजी हिंदी; Kaithi: 𑂣𑂺𑂱𑂔𑂲⸱𑂯𑂱𑂁𑂠𑂲; Perso-Arabic: فجی ہندی) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by Indo-Fijians.
It has also borrowed some vocabulary from English, Fijian, Telugu, Tamil, Bengali, Punjabi, Gujarati, Arabic, and Malayalam.
It is closely related to Caribbean Hindustani and the Bhojpuri-Hindustani spoken in Mauritius and South Africa.
Initially, the majority of labourers came to Fiji from districts of central and eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, while a small percentage hailed from North-West Frontier and South India such as Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
[6] Later, approximately 15,000 Indian indentured labourers, who were mainly speakers of Dravidian languages (Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Tulu, Gondi, and Kodava), were brought from South India.
After the end of the indenture system, Indians who spoke Gujarati and Punjabi arrived in Fiji as free immigrants.
A few Indo-Fijians speak Tamil, Telugu, and Gujarati at home, but all are fluently conversant and able to communicate using Fiji Hindi.
The Bible has now been translated into Fiji Hindi, and the University of the South Pacific has recently begun offering courses in the language.
[7][8] A Fiji Hindi movie has also been produced depicting Indo-Fijian life and is based on a play by local playwright, Raymond Pillai.
Although, gender is used in third person past tense by the usage of "raha" for a male versus "rahi" for a female.
Example: प्रधानमंत्री हमलोग के पैसा दई। "Pradhanamantri humlog ke paisa daii" (The prime minister will give us money).
Spoken in the Gaya and Patna districts, which provided a sizeable proportion of the first indentured labourers from Northern India to Fiji.
Example: आप घर के सफा कर लेना। "Aap ghar ke sapha kar Lena."
आनाAanaआनाAanaआनाānāआनाānāआओAao!आओAao!आओ!āo!आओ!āo!हमHamआतaat(आवत)(aawat)हैंhaiहम आत (आवत) हैंHam aat (aawat) haiमैंma͠iआāरहाrahāहूँhū̃मैं आ रहा हूँma͠i ā rahā hū̃हमHamआयाaayaरहाrahaहम आया रहाHam aaya rahaमैंma͠iआयाāyāमैं आयाma͠i āyāहमHamआयेगाaayegaहम आयेगाHam aayegaमैंma͠iआऊंगाāūṅgāमैं आऊंगाma͠i āūṅgāहमHamआतaat(आवत)(aawat)रहाrahaहम आत (आवत) रहाHam aat (aawat) rahaमैंma͠iआāरहाrahāथाthāमैं आ रहा थाma͠i ā rahā thāहमHamखेलतkhelatरहाrahaहम खेलत रहाHam khelat rahaमैंma͠iखेलाkhelāकरताkartāथाthāमैं खेला करता थाma͠i khelā kartā thāऊooआवेaaweहैंhai//ऊooलोगनloganआतaatहैंhaiऊ आवे हैं / ऊ लोगन आत हैंoo aawe hai / oo logan aat haiवोvoआāरहाrahāहैhai//वहvahआāरहीrahīहैhai//वेveआāरहेraheहैंha͠iवो आ रहा है / वह आ रही है / वे आ रहे हैंvo ā rahā hai / vah ā rahī hai / ve ā rahe ha͠iऊOoआईसAaisऊ आईसOo Aaisवहvahआयाāyā//वहvahआईāīवह आया / वह आईvah āyā / vah āīऊOoलोगनloganआईनAainऊ लोगन आईनOo logan Aainवेveआयेāyeवे आयेve āyeIndo-Fijians now use native Fijian words for those things that were not found in their ancestral India but which existed in Fiji.
The pronunciation for numbers between one and ten show slight inflections, seemingly inspired by Eastern Hindi dialects such as Bhojpuri.
While, as in other north Indian languages, words for numbers in standard Hindustani are formed by mentioning units first and then multiples of ten, Fiji Hindi reverses the order and mentions the tens multiple first and the units next, as is the practice in many European and South-Indian languages.
That is to say, while "twenty-one" in Standard Hindi is इक्कीस (ikkīs), an internal sandhi of ek aur biis, or "one-and-twenty", in Fiji Hindi the order would be reversed, and simply be biis aur ek (बिस और एक), without any additional morpho-phonological alteration.
[citation needed] With political upheavals in Fiji, beginning with the first military coup in 1987, large numbers of Indo-Fijians have since migrated overseas and at present there are significant communities of Indo-Fijian expatriates in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States.