Filipp Aleksandrovich Agaltsov was born on 20 January 1900 in the village of Soldatskoye (now Yefremovsky District, Tula Oblast).
[1] Agaltsov transferred to the Soviet Air Forces in April 1932, graduating from pilot courses at the Kacha Military Aviation School in 1934.
He served as deputy commander for the political section in a squadron and aviation brigade in the Belorussian Military District.
From November 1944, he commanded the 1st Mixed Aviation Corps of the Air Force of the Polish Army, part of the 1st Belorussian Front.
Agaltsov transferred to the Group of Inspectors General, a sinecure post for aging senior officers, in 1971.