[2] He served as president pro tem of the state senate and chaired its finance committee.
[5][6] According to one account, he was part of a planned march of African American Republicans that was faced down by armed white supremacists allied with the Democratic Party.
[7] In 1875 he wrote seeking protection for Republican voters in areas where they were a great majority, expressing his expectation of intimidation and Democratic Party control over polling.
[8] In 1875 he also conveyed a message from the Republican Caucus of Mississippi to President Ulysses Grant seeking a change in the federal official overseeing U.S.
[9] He described how whites in Aberdeen, Mississippi in Monroe County welcomed Klansmen home as heroes and lawyers offered them their services in defense against federal prosecution.