Fire plough

[1] Rubbing produces friction and heat, and eventually an ember.

[2] More advanced are "stick-and-groove" forms, which typically uses a V-shaped base piece of wood, and a "friction stick" as the activator.

[2][3] The typical fire plough consists of a stick cut to a dull point, and a long piece of wood with a groove cut down its length.

A split is often made down the length of the grooved piece, so that oxygen can flow freely to the coal/ember.

Once hot enough, the coal is introduced to the tinder, more oxygen is added by blowing and the result is ignition.