[5] Its mandate focused on dealing with the Renville agreement, developing the nation, and working towards a consolidated government.

[6] With General Sudirman, commander in chief of the military, Hatta worked to reduce leftist influences in the armed forces, which had been exploited during Sjarifuddin's cabinet.

[12] The FDR surmised that the cabinet, which prominently featured the Muslim-backed party Masyumi, would be unable to fulfill their mandate and what projects were completed would be against the needs of socialists and communists.

[14] This dissent culminated in the Madiun Affair, in which FDR forces, under the command of Muso, Sjarifuddin, and other leftist figures, seized the city of Madiun, East Java, on 18 September 1948; the FDR razed homes and killed more than a thousand people, mostly Islamic figures.

[10] Following the Renville Agreement, the Van Mook Line – which separated Dutch-held areas from those held by the Indonesian republic – was formally recognised.

Behind the line the Dutch established numerous minor nation-states in areas claimed by Indonesia, including Madura and Pasundan.

[15] The Dutch forces also continued to block the Indonesian archipelago, preventing supplies from reaching the people.

[15] During Operation Kraai, a Dutch assault on the capital at Yogyakarta which began on 19 December 1948, the cabinet and President Sukarno were captured and exiled.