Sergey Muromtsev Constitutional Democratic Party Legislative elections were held in the Russian Empire from 26 March to 20 April 1906.

The State Duma was created in a wave of violent attacks against imperial officials and public upheaval, which culminated in a national strike in October 1905 known as Russian Revolution of 1905, paving the way for Russia's first parliament.

With the nation's infrastructure all but paralyzed, Tsar Nicholas II signed a historic manifesto of 17 October 1905, promising civil rights to the population and creating Russia's first parliament.

[4] Two out of twelve, Grigori Borisovich Iollos (Poltava province) and Mikhail Herzenstein, both from the Constitutional Democratic Party, were assassinated by the Black Hundreds antisemite terrorist group.

[5] In April 1906, only weeks after the election, the Sergei Witte's Cabinet issued the Basic Law of 1906, setting the limits of this new political order.

The Tsar was confirmed as absolute leader, with complete control of the executive, foreign policy, church, and the armed forces.

The Basic Law introduced a special provision, Article 87, which allowed the government to ex officio issue new legislation during breaks between sessions of the State Duma.

Professor Muromtsev, a leading figure of the liberal Kadet party, tried to maintain some degree of order and dignity in this difficult assembly.

In a sign of frustration, members of the liberal Cadets party wanted the elected Duma to continue its work and proposed that it should retreat to Vyborg in Finland.