Five-year plans of China
[2]: 8 As academic Sebastian Heilmann observes, this process is best viewed as a planning coordination and evaluation cycle rather than a unified blueprint.
[2]: 155 China's Five-Year Plans have been praised for their efficiency, capabilities and their importance to rapid economic growth, development, corporate finance and industrial policies.
[3] Having restored a viable economic base, the leadership under Chairman Mao Zedong, Premier Zhou Enlai, and other revolutionary veterans sought to implement what they termed a socialist transformation of China.
Consistent with the focus on developing industry, northeast China was the region which received the greatest share of state funds during the First Plan.
[4]: 209 Regarding commercial and services industries, the approach in the first Five-Year Plan was for the government to buy them out, including through coercing reluctant sellers if necessary.
[5]: 18 In terms of economic growth, the First Five-Year Plan was quite successful, especially in those areas emphasized by the Soviet-style development strategy.
[7]: 40 During this Plan period, China began developing a heavy-industrial base and brought its industrial production above what it had been prior to war.
[4]: 142 This plan was created to accomplish several tasks, including: The Political Bureau of the CPC had determined that gross value of agricultural products should increase 270%; in fact, the gain was a considerably more modest 35%.
[5]: 100 During discussions of the Third Five Year Plan, Mao acknowledged that during the Great Leap Forward, "We set revenue too high and extended the infrastructure battlefront too long," and that it was "best to do less and well.
[7]: 7 Support among leadership for Mao's proposed Third Front construction increased as a result and changed the direction of the Third Five Year Plan.
In 1977, the gross output value of industry and agriculture reached 505.5 billion yuan, 4.4% above-target and representing an increase of 10.4% compared with the previous year.
[13] However, during this period, the Chinese economy developed too quickly, and the very high goals triggered the onset of yet another round of mistakes.
In December 1978, the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party shifted the work focus of the CCP to modernization.
[14] The Sixth Five-Year Plan was the first to address government policy support for solar PV panel manufacturing.
[15]: 34 In late September 1985, the Conference of CCP Delegates convened to adopt the "Proposal for the Seventh Five Year Plan" which was set to begin in 1986.
[2]: 133 The Plan described science, technology, and human resources as decisive areas to improve for China to catch-up with the most advanced countries.
The total amount of major urban and rural pollutants discharged were targeted for a 10% reduction as compared with 2000, and more measures would be taken to protect and save natural resources.
"[2]: 134 The Twelfth Five-Year Guideline was debated in mid-October 2010 at the fifth plenary session of the 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, the same session in which Xi Jinping was selected as Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and the full proposal for the plan was released following the plenum and approved by the National People's Congress on 14 March 2011.
[19]: 197 The plan sought to expand the services industry in order to increase employment and continue urbanization to help raise real wages.
[19]: 207 It also emphasized innovation,[22]: 135 the completion of building a moderately prosperous society, and started the "Made in China 2025" plan.
[25] The Plan was drafted against the backdrop of worsening China–United States relations and the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused China's economy to shrink in the first quarter of 2020 – the first time in 44 years.
