[1] The republican writer and journalist Júlio Ribeiro, founder and editor of the newspaper "O Rebate", published in its first edition on July 16, 1888, a series of criticisms of the green and yellow (gold) imperial standard.

So, stand firm, let flutter the glorious Black-And-White Pendant of the Cross!This flag was hoisted above the governor's palace in São Paulo on November 15th, 1889, to celebrate the first days of the new republic.

4 of the Provisional Government, Brazil officially adopted a different flag, one designed by Raimundo Teixeira Mendes and with similar colors to the previous imperial one of seven decades.

Thank God it was never official, but unfortunately it is very much adopted... this black-and-white mortuary cloth... it attributes to the population of São Paulo a dosage of entirely false African blood, since in the lands of São Paulo the percentage of Euro-Americans was immensely higher than the dosage of Afro, African and African-American elements.The exact description of the flag is given by Article 2 of law no.

[6] The flag has thirteen stripes alternating between black and white, representing the days and nights that the bandeirantes fought for the good of the state.

This references a theory advanced by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius who wrote Como se deve escrever a história do Brasil (1840).