Folin–Ciocalteu reagent

[1] It is named after Otto Folin, Vintilă Ciocâlteu, and Willey Glover Denis.

This reagent is part of the Lowry protein assay, and will also react with some nitrogen-containing compounds such as hydroxylamine and guanidine.

[3] The reagent has also been shown to be reactive towards thiols, many vitamins, the nucleotide base guanine, the trioses glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone, and some inorganic ions.

[7][8] Earlier measurements and ratings by the United States Department of Agriculture were withdrawn in 2012 as biologically irrelevant to human health, referring to an absence of physiological evidence for polyphenols having antioxidant properties in vivo.

[9] Consequently, the ORAC method, derived only from in vitro experiments, is no longer considered relevant to human diets or biology.