[1][2] The American Chautauqua Institution, originally the Chautauqua Lake Sunday School Assembly, was founded in 1874 "as an educational experiment in out-of-school, vacation learning.
It was broadened almost immediately beyond courses for Sunday school teachers to include academic subjects, music, art, and physical education".
[3] In the Netherlands the Volksuniversiteit Amsterdam was founded in 1913 by the Maatschappij tot Nut van't Algemeen.
[5] The Freie Deutsche Hochschule (Germany) was founded in Paris on November 19, 1935 as an exile institution.
Since 1942, Scandinavia has had the Folkuniversitetet,[6] and in 1959 Slovenia founded the Ljudska Univerza Kocevje.