This goal may be to impact the public, brand, company or the psycho-social stability of a group of people depending on the type.
751 individuals were poisoned in The Dalles, Oregon through the contamination of salad bars with Salmonella with the intention of affecting the 1984 Wasco County elections.
[23][24] (Note: During the trial is as determined that the perpetrator sold a competing product so that even though the result was a food defense incident the root cause was economic gain.
[25]EMA -- using the FDA working definition is one type of Food Fraud -- commonly occurs for financial advantage through the undeclared substitution with alternative ingredients [26].
[26] These deliberate acts are intended to evade detection, posing a challenge to regulating bodies and quality assurance methodologies.
[31] Regulatory bodies and industry can implement strategies and use tools in order to protect their supply chains and processing facilities from intentional contamination or adulteration.
The FDA has developed several tools for the food industry, including among others:[32] It is difficult to quantify the risk in a system, due to the stochastic nature of the events.
Tools being developed for this purpose by the National Center for Food Protection and Defense include Focused Integration of Data for Early Signals (FIDES) and Criticality Spatial Analysis (CRISTAL).
Good supply chain management coupled with regular audits and quality assurance analyses can help to safeguard companies from contamination originating outside the facility.
In addition, companies can take advantage of existing scenario based tools and should follow Good Manufacturing Practice guidelines.