Food microbiology

[8] Although listed here under the category 'Microbial polysaccharides', commercial alginates are currently only produced by extraction from brown seaweeds such as Laminaria hyperborea or L. japonica.

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) produced by various strains of Bacillus has potential applications as a thickener in the food industry.

[10] Apart from detecting spoilage, microbiological tests can also determine germ content, identify yeasts and molds, and Salmonella.

For that reason, scientists are using PCR to detect different kinds of viruses or bacteria, such as HIV and anthrax based on their unique DNA patterns.

Various kits are commercially available to help in food pathogen nucleic acids extraction,[12] PCR detection, and differentiation.

Therefore, PCR is recognized as a DNA detector in order to amplify and trace the presence of pathogenic strands in different processed food.