It consists of the hamlet of Fort Covington, as well as a large amount of rural land surrounding the hamlet, such that the CDP occupies about one half of the area within the town limits.

The Fort Covington CDP occupies the northern half of the town of Fort Covington, with the actual hamlet situated in the northern part of the CDP, along the Salmon River, just south of the Canada–United States border.

[3] New York State Route 37 runs east to west across the CDP, leading southeast 15 miles (24 km) to Malone, the Franklin County seat, and west 21 miles (34 km) to Massena.

Cornwall, Ontario, is 16 miles (26 km) to the northwest of Fort Covington via NY 37 and the Three Nations Crossing over the St. Lawrence River.

The Fort Covington–Dundee Border Crossing connects Dundee Road, leading south into the center of Fort Covington, with Quebec Route 132, which leads northeast along the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, 32 miles (51 km) to Salaberry-de-Valleyfield.