Most fouls occur as a result of illegal personal contact with an opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behavior.
Ordinary fouls are routine because of the constant motion inherent in the sport and are not viewed as bad sportsmanship.
The penalty imposes a cost on violating the rules but does not disparage the player committing the foul.
A flagrant foul is violent player contact that the official believes is not a legitimate attempt to directly play the ball within the rules.
The bonus (or penalty) situation occurs when one team accumulates a requisite number of fouls.
[5] On October 1, 2022, FIBA published a revision of its official rules of basketball adding a "head coach challenge".