The Fourth Upper Peru campaign was an unsuccessful invasion in 1817 by the rebel United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, during the Argentine War of Independence, of Upper Peru (today Bolivia), which was still under control of Spanish troops.

But their advance towards the south was harassed and detained by guerrilla groups commanded by Colonel Martín Miguel de Güemes.

[2] Manuel Belgrano, commander of the Army of the North of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata sent a small military division to Upper Peru under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid with the aim of hindering the Royal Army of Peru as much as possible.

[3] This division managed to gain a victory at the Battle of la Tablada de Tolomosa (15 April) and advance as far as Chuquisaca.

This was the fourth and last time that the Northern Army had tried to advance into Upper Peru, and again the campaign had ended in failure.