François Cheng (Chinese: 程抱一; pinyin: Chéng Bàoyī; born 30 August 1929) is a Chinese-born French academician, writer, poet, and calligrapher.

Born in Nanchang, Jiangxi in 1929, Cheng travelled to France in 1948 at the age of nineteen.

In his 2002 speech to the Académie française, Cheng said, "I became a Frenchman in law, mind and heart more than thirty years ago [...] especially from that moment when I resolutely went over to the French language, making it the weapon, or the soul, of my creative work.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, he worked with the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan on studying and translating texts from the classical Chinese canon.

Their daughter Anne Cheng, born in Paris in 1955, also became an academic and sinologist.