Born in Paris, he received his training in obstetrics at the Hôtel-Dieu.
He was a leading obstetrician in 17th-century Europe — in 1668 he published, Traité des Maladies des Femmes Grosses et Accouchées, a book that helped establish obstetrics as a science.
He is also known for development of a classical manoeuvre of assisted breech delivery (Mauriceau-Levret manipulation).
[1] He gave a description of tubal pregnancy, and with German midwife Justine Siegemundin 1650–1705), he is credited for introducing the practice of puncturing the amniotic sac to arrest bleeding in placenta praevia.
In 1670, English obstetrician Hugh Chamberlen tried to sell the secret of a specialized obstetrical forceps to him.