François Tosquelles

[1] During the Spanish Civil War, Tosquelles fought on the Republican side for the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification.

[2] During World War II, he was the doctor at the psychiatric hospital of Saint-Alban-sur-Limagnole, Lozère, France.

He is credited as one of the creators of institutional psychotherapy, an influential movement in the second half of the 20th century.

After experiencing military occupations throughout his lifetime (German in France, Spanish in Catalonia, Francoist in Spain, and Stalinist in the Spanish communist parties), he concluded that "occupation" was not simply a historical reality but created a psychic structure in the individual, and that to achieve freedom, one must proceed by "disoccupation".

One of his students was the Martinican psychiatrist and later revolutionary activist Frantz Fanon, who used Tosquelles's techniques with some success in the mid-1950s while living in Blida, Algeria.