He was the son of François VII de La Rochefoucauld and Jeanne Charlotte du Plessis-Liancourt (1644–1669), daughter of Henri du Plessis-Liancourt, Count of La Roche-Guyon.

His younger brother, Henri Roger de La Rochefoucauld, Marquis of Liancourt, never married.

In 1679, as a gift of the King Louis XIV for his marriage with the eldest daughter of François-Michel Le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, he was created 1st Duke of La Roche-Guyon by letters of November 1679.

Upon his father's death in 1714, he inherited the Duchy-peerage of La Rochefoucauld.

[3][4] In 1679, he married Madeleine Le Tellier (1665–1735),[5] eldest daughter of François-Michel Le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, King Louis XIV's Finance Minister, and heiress Anne de Souvré, Marquise de Courtenvaux.