He conducts the three main missions of the Banque de France: monetary strategy, financial stability and the provision of economic service to households and small businesses.

[9] Under his leadership, the Banque de France announced plans to exit from coal and limit exposure to gas and oil in its investment portfolio by 2024 as part of a shift towards more environmentally friendly assets.

[10] In June 2022, Villeroy de Galhau was assaulted on the street and heavily injured by a hammer-wielding Swiss man in Basel, Switzerland, after heading a board meeting at the Bank for International Settlements.

[12][13] Villeroy de Galhau noted the strong consensus among economists[14] regarding the measures required to end the crisis and restart the economy as soon as possible and in the best possible conditions: creation of a “cash shield” for all companies,resumption of business activities and implementation of major investment programmes.

[26] In 2019, he celebrated the 20th anniversary of the Euro, calling the currency a success that has helped increase the average purchasing power of the French people.

[27] In his 2020 letter on the economic crisis resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic, Villeroy de Galhau urged the President to make fiscal stability a priority, neither increasing nor reducing taxes.

[30] In 2021, Villeroy de Galhau rejected proposals made by France’s Economic Analysis Council according to which the European Central Bank could make direct cash transfers to households – so-called helicopter money payments – to help meet its inflation target.