Caputo started his career in the Pugliesi amateur divisions, first with Toritto and then with Real Altamura, before joining Bari in the summer of 2008.

[2] He helped Empoli win the Serie B title and achieve promotion to Serie A during the 2017–18 season, forming a prolific attacking partnership with Alfredo Donnarumma; together, the pair scored 49 goals, and Caputo finished as the top scorer in the league, with 26 goals, while Donnarumma finished as the second-highest scorer with 23.

[9] Caputo was called up to the senior Italy squad for the UEFA Nations League matches against Bosnia and Herzegovina and Netherlands in September 2020.

[10] Caputo made his debut for the national team on 7 October 2020 in a 6–0 home friendly win against Moldova, scoring the match's second goal.

This was surpassed by Giacomo Bonaventura, who tallied his inaugural goal at 34 years, one month and 22 days on 14 October 2023 in a Euro 2024 qualifier against Malta.