Elected to the Prague City Council and the National Assembly, she served as Senate Chair when Czechoslovakia broke away from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

[6] Plamínková became the driving force behind the Czech push for enfranchisement and worked to raise the public consciousness about the need for voting rights.

Plamínková realized that the local Bohemian law did not actually prohibit women at the provincial level and convinced several political parties to field female candidates; her committee put forward Marie Tůmová.

[10] Attempts by Austria-Hungary at restricting liberty and quashing Czech nationalism during World War I, had the opposite result, in that they forced exiles to seek help from Western Allies to push for an independent Czechoslovakia.

The "Washington Declaration" establishing the First Czechoslovak Republic abolished nobility, redistributed noble lands and provided for the separation of church and state.

It also eliminated class, gender, and religious barriers, and gave women political, social and cultural parity with men.

[12] By 1923, Plamínková realized that the legislature was not interested in making corrections to the civil code which would bring forth women's equality.

Another focus was a change to the code which designated the man as head of the household, putting women in the same position as children and giving them no say in their economic life or guardianship concerns.

[17] As the Great Depression caused worldwide economic turmoil, the Czech government came up with austerity proposals which Plamínková saw as a threat to equality.

In 1937, Plamínková called out both her own party and the legislature for failing to recognize women as citizens, instead treating them legally as only daughters, mothers and wives.

[24] In speaking out about the regime, she became a target of surveillance[25] and in 1938, a failed attempt by Růžena Bednáříková-Turnwaldová to remove Plamínkova from the leadership of the ŽNR occurred.

[32] Some reports indicated that Plamínková was hanged by the Nazis,[36] but records of the Kobylisy Shooting Range confirm she was shot on 30 June 1942.

[30] In 1950, she was awarded in memoriam the Golden Star, the highest rank, of the Czechoslovak Army's Order for Liberty [cs].

[39] The Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, established in 1990 to honor Czechs who have made significant contributions to human rights was awarded to Plamínková in 1992.