After the war, Böhme was transferred to U.S. custody as a defendant in the Hostages Trial on charges of having massacred thousands of Serbian civilians.

Böhme ordered that all villages that shot at the German Army or that had weapons found in them should be razed, and the male population between 15 and 60 arrested.

From concentration camps in Šabac and Belgrade 2000 prisoners were selected (mostly Jews and communists) and executed on locality between Jabuka and Pančevo on October 9.

[5] On October 14 Böhme issued an order to arrest family-members of insurgents - wives and male relatives over the age of 15.

On 4 June 1944, he was delegated with[clarification needed] the leadership of the Second Panzer Army in the Balkans, succeeding Generaloberst Lothar Rendulic.