François-Paul de Lisola

[1] Bitterly anti-French, he served the Austrian Habsburgs and has been credited by modern historians with helping establish France as England's primary opponent in the so-called Second Hundred Years' War.

[2] In the nineteenth-century, following the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871, German historians became greatly interested in him and credited him as the creator of the Grand Alliance or League of Augsburg.

From 1636-1638, he annoyed the authorities of Besançon, leading him to leave France-Comté and enter the service of the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand III.

[6] In 1646, Lisola was temporarily involved in the negotiations leading to the Peace of Westphalia, but his virulent anti-French attitude led to his being recalled.

He also wrote numerous pamphlets attacking France and Louis XIV, claiming the latter was seeking to dominate Europe and establish a 'universal monarchy.