He examined the use of chaulmoogra oil in the treatment of leprosy and published the first illustrated book on human anatomy in Urdu in 1849.

He supported the deputation of four medical students including Bhola Nath Bose and Surya Kumar Goodeeve Chuckerbutty in 1844 for studies in England.

[3] In 1849, he published an atlas of human anatomy with notes in Urdu with the assistance of Moonshee Nusseerudin Ahmed and with illustrations by Colesworthey Grant.

the only works upon European medicine extant... are ... chiefly in the Nagree character which is only understood by Hindu native doctors.

His proposal made along with Charles Hay Cameron and Professor Malden for establishing a university in Calcutta along the lines of the one in London was examined in 1853 and shelved by the House of Lords.

"[8]As a chemical examiner (part time and unpaid until the position was taken up by William O'Shaughnessy) he served on a Select Artillery Committee and helped develop, along with Colonel Edward Ludlow, a waterproof glaze to protect percussion caps in the field.

Mouat also took an interest in photography working with the Frenchman Oscar Mallitte (1829–1905) in the Andamans[9] and serving as the first president of the Photographic Society of Bengal (1856–57).

In June 1889 he married a widow, Margaret Kay, daughter of John Fawcus, a Justice of Peace who had four children from her earlier marriage.