With the German revolution near the end of World War I, the Kingdom of Württemberg was transformed from a monarchy to a democratic republic without bloodshed; its borders and internal administration remained unchanged.

The attempt of some agitators to cause disturbances by a general strike was frustrated by the action of railway officials in paralysing communications with the capital, Stuttgart.

The social democrats lost their influence in Württemberg early in the state's history, with conservative coalitions forming government from 1924 to 1933.

Despite the many financial crises that affected Germany during the 1920s and 1930s, the economic development of Württemberg proceeded better than in many other German states and Stuttgart became a regional centre of finance and culture.

With the Nazi seizure of federal power in 1933 they embarked on a process Gleichschaltung (coordination), the elimination of all non-Nazi organisations.