Friso-Saxon dialects

Friso-Saxon (Dutch: friso-saksische tongvallen,[1] friso-saksisch) is a group of West Germanic dialects found around the North Sea coast of the Netherlands and Germany, in an area historically known as Frisia.

[2][3] They are dialects of Low German/Low Saxon that have experienced strong influence from a Frisian language.

The term was established by the Dutch researcher Johan Winkler in his work about Dutch, Low German and Frisian dialects in the region.

[3] The Friso-Saxon dialects are spoken in areas which were historically Frisian-speaking, until Frisian was gradually replaced with Low Saxon beginning in the Late Middle Ages.

The only exception to this rule is Stellingwarfs, a Low Saxon dialect which has undergone influence especially from West Frisian.

Low German/Low Saxon (without Friso-Saxon dialects)
Friso-Saxon dialects : Low German/Low Saxon dialects with a substrate of a Frisian language
The area numbered 4 consists of the Friso-Saxon dialects of Gronings and East Frisian Low Saxon