[1] An example of a frost resistant plant is Drimys winteri which is more frost-tolerant than naturally occurring conifers and vessel-bearing angiosperms such as the Nothofagus that can be found in its range in southern South America.
[3]Temperate climate fruit trees reach their highest resistance in the middle of winter.
[4] Since freezing belongs to dehydration stresses, cold acclimation process is associated with an enhanced accumulation of osmolytes (sugars, proline, polyamines, and hydrophilic proteins).
Rapid temperature fluctuations during winter deharden trees and increase the risk of spring damage.
The reproductive organs, due to their abundant hydration, are easily damaged, leading to large losses in the cultivation of fruit trees and shrubs.