Fujieda Station was opened on April 16, 1889 when the section of the Tōkaidō Main Line connecting Shizuoka with Hamamatsu was completed.

The city of Fujieda did not exist at that time, and the station was located in Aoshima Village.

On April 27, 1889, a senior official of the Imperial Household Ministry, Hida Hamagoro was killed while attempting to jump onto a departing express train from the platform of Fujieda Station.

At the time, trains on the Tōkaidō Main Line had no toilets, and the accident led to their introduction on May 10 of the same year.

Fujieda became an interchange station with the establishment of services by the Sunen Line (駿遠線, Sunen-sen) (the future Shizuoka Railway Company) on November 16, 1913, and which opened a spur line to Ōigawa Town in 1914.