After retiring from active service, he served as Chief Priest of Meiji Shrine and the Grand Chamberlain to Emperor Shōwa during World War II.

Fujita was born in Aichi Prefecture, where his father, a former samurai from Tsugaru Domain, served as a school principal.

In February 1915, during World War I, Fujita was sent as a naval attaché to England, and was promoted to commander while still assigned to the Japanese embassy in London in 1916.

Fujita attained the rank of captain in December 1920, and received his first command, that of the protected cruiser Suma.

Fujita was considered for the post of Minister of the Navy in 1939, but after deliberation and consultation with Admiral Sankichi Takahashi, he stepped aside in favor of Mitsumasa Yonai and went into the reserves in April 1939.