The Fukui Cave (福井洞窟, Fukui dōkutsu) is an archaeological site consisting of a Japanese Paleolithic period to the early incipient Jōmon period cave dwelling in the Yoshii neighborhood of the city of Sasebo, Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan.

The steep cliffs of the cave are made of sandstone, and in the surrounding area is found volcanic basalt from the late Miocene era.

[6] Landslides over the years have changed the flow of the Fukui river, forming the present shape of the caves.

Local historian Junichi Matsuse sifted through the soil finding Jōmon pottery and arrowheads.

New discoveries included identification of animal and plant remains, hearths, as well as using photogrammetry to identify stratigraphy helping to understand formation of the cave.

[8] During Paleolithic times, the cave was surrounded by temperate forests with ample amounts of chestnuts, walnuts and acorns.

[13] The earliest examples found at the cave were not cord-marked pottery, but decorated with appliqué of dots or strips of clay.

[14] Pottery examined by CT scan found fibers from a species of fern kneaded into the clay.