Laumon studied at the École Normale Supérieure and Paris-Sud 11 University, Orsay.

[1] In 1987, Vladimir Drinfeld and Laumon formulated the geometric Langlands conjecture for general linear groups

[2]: 46 [3] In 2008, Laumon and Ngô Bảo Châu proved the fundamental lemma for unitary groups, a component in the Langlands program in number theory.

[4][5] He was awarded the Silver Medal of the CNRS in 1987, the E. Dechelle prize of the French Academy of the Sciences in 1992, and the Clay Research Award in 2004.

[4] Laumon and Ngô received the Clay Research Award for the proof of the fundamental lemma for unitary groups, a component in the Langlands program in number theory, in 2004.