He made his Swedish Hockey League (SHL) debut with Linköping's men's squad during the 2014–15 season.

After appearing in 10 post-season games, Carlsson was signed to a two-year contract extension to remain with Linköping on 17 April 2015.

The Columbus Blue Jackets, who picked Carlsson in the 2015 NHL entry draft, announced on 19 April 2016 that he has signed a three-year entry-level contract with the franchise.

[7] After six years within the Blue Jackets organization, Carlsson left as a free agent and was signed to a one-year, two-way contract with the Washington Capitals for the 2022–23 season on 20 July 2022.

[8] Carlsson contributed with 2 assists through 6 appearances with the Capitals, playing the majority of the season with AHL affiliate, the Hershey Bears, and helping the club capture the Calder Cup.