[5] The discovery of the thesaurus of Barboși (southern quarter of the city of Galați, on the left bank of the Siret river), composed of 3,700 silver coins bearing the Greek inscriptions Gallati and Kallatiasy, will tip the scales towards the theory supported by Vasile Pârvan and Carl Patsch, which is the basis of the name of the Roman province Galatia in Asia Minor.

But the followers of protochronism (pseudohistorical current which became very influential in Romania under the regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu)[6][7] links the name Galați, even if it does not appear before the 14th century, to the Celtic root and Indo-European languages, [gall-] meaning "foreigner" (Gaul, gaulois, Gaulish, Galatia, Galicia, Galicia)[n 1]" and being a derivation of Galatiens (the Greek name of the Gauls, on the grounds that this area, inhabited in antiquity by the Thracians from north (Dacians), also experienced the migration of the Celts.

In Romanian documents and chronicles, the name of the city is found in the form Gălați or Gălat, and in those from other countries it is mentioned as Gallaz, Galatz, GalazzoFinally, other hypotheses call for Slavic or Cuman etymologies.

According to one, the inhabitants of Galicia - Ukrainians originally from the mountainous regions of the Carpathians - would have given the name to the city of Galați in the 13th century, when the Principality of Galicia-Volhynia expanded its area of commercial and political influence in Moldavia.

The county includes 4 urban centers (the cities of Galați and Tecuci, the towns of Târgu Bujor and Berești) and 61 communes comprising 180 villages.

[14] Due to its position on the outside of the Carpathian arc, Galați County occupies the area of interpenetration of the edges of the East-European, South-European and partly Central-European geographical sub-regions, which is faithfully reflected both in the climatic conditions, in the vegetation cover and soils, as well as in the geological structure of the relief.

Young and especially Quaternary geological formations, consisting of common clays, sands, gravels are exploited in Galați, Tecuci, Braniștea and in the minor bed of the river Prut, having particular importance for the construction materials industry.

A few distance from the city of Galați is the paleontological reserve of Barboși (Tirighina) with an area of about 1 hectare (2.5 acres), containing mollusk fossils from the old Euxine phase (about 400,000 years ago).

Also, not far from Galați, namely to the north of the city, but on the Prut valley, on the territory of the commune Tulucești, in the place called Râpa Bălaia, there is the second paleontological reserve.

[1] The seat of the county - Galați, the eighth largest city in Romania, with a population of 217,851 inhabitants,[1] is the largest maritime port of the Danube on the territory of Romania, located at 80 kilometres (50 mi) from the Black Sea and approximately 250 kilometres (160 mi) from Bucharest and the cities of Iași, Ploiești, Constanța, Chișinău (Republic of Moldova), and Odesa (Ukraine).

[15] From the point of view of the citizenship of the county residents, on December 1, 2021, 496,048 were Romanian citizens (99.83%), Moldovan - 322, Italian - 123, Turkish - 37, British  - 30, Ukrainians - 30, Spanish - 23, Greeks - 20, Syrians - 20, Germans - 14, French - 13, Americans -  12, Dutch - 8, Iraqis - 7, Serbian - 4, Hungarians - 3.

[17] The analysis of the succession and distribution of the archaeological evidence of material culture shows that the territory of the county was populated and entered the circuit of human use from prehistoric times.

The Upper Paleolithic was highlighted in the north of the county, on the current territory of the villages Pleșa, Puricani, Crăiesti, Bălăbănești, Șipote, Rădești, Băneasa, Suceveni.

The citadel of Stoicani shows, through the remains of material culture, the occupations of hunting, animal husbandry and plant cultivation practiced by the inhabitants of this territory, as well as some household crafts, such as pottery, spinning, weaving.

The continuity of the population is proven by the material cultures belonging to the period of transition to the Bronze Age, represented by the "shack" type settlements from Stoicani.

[18] The Iron Age left numerous material traces discovered and researched in more than 15 current localities, showing the penetration of some influences of the Greek civilization from Dobrogea.

The Roman military fort from Barboși and the civilian settlement on the hearth of the city of Galați today maintained trade links with Lower Moesia, with Greece and Asia Minor on the Danube and the Black Sea.

On the map of Dimitrie Cantemir from Descriptio Moldaviae, the settlements Nicorești, Poiana, Piscu, Corod, Oancea, Adam, Tulucești, Foltești, Tecuci, Galați are recorded.

The different forms of population growth - migrations, agricultural herding, slow infiltrations and colonizations, immigrations (Lipovans, Greeks, Bulgarians, Armenians, Jews etc.)

Thus, the population growth was stimulated by the development of agriculture, by the liberalization of trade, by the intensification of transport, by the processes of free transfer by the state of land ownership rights to the peasants.

At Mînjina, prominent personalities of the Romanian nation, such as Nicolae Bălcescu, Ion Ghica, Mihail Kogălniceanu, Vasile Alecsandri, Alecu Russo, and Grigore Alexandrescu participated in the development of unionist ideas.

[20] On the national economy as a whole, Galați county is the main producer of pig iron, crude steel, hot or cold-rolled sheets and strips, and the second in the production of maritime ships.

The naval industry (Damen Shipyard Galați), a branch of great tradition locally, produces river and sea vessels up to 65,000 tdw, as well as marine drilling platforms.

[22] If during the years of the communist era, Galați County had become the 4th largest industrial center of Romania, in recent years it has registered a sharp decline, which led to its inclusion, along with 5 other counties in Romania (Mureș, Prahova, Dolj, Gorj, Hunedoara) in the Just Transition Mechanism financed by the European Union, which attempts to reduce the social and economic impact of the transition of mono-industrial and coal-intensive regions to a decarbonized economy.