Gap assessments can be done using the geographic information system: land maps that delineate topography, biological and geological features (forest cover, plains, rivers, etc.
Gap analyses can vary from simple exercises based on a spatial comparison of biodiversity with existing protected areas to complex studies that need detailed data gathering and analysis, mapping and use of software decision packages.
[4] In another study, researchers completed a gap analysis for the preservation of the critically endangered Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja).
These volunteers recorded observations of the Yellow Cardinal and its nesting sites, providing valuable data to researchers completing a gap analysis aimed at understanding changes in the species' habitat selection over time to assess the adequacy of existing protected areas.
The results of this analysis led to creation of the Hakaiau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, in one of the areas of highest species richness.
[7] The Gap Analysis Project mission is to provide state, regional, and national biodiversity assessments of the conservation status of native vertebrate species, aquatic species, and natural land cover types and to facilitate the application of this information to land management activities.
Thus, the optimal scale range for the minimum mapping unit (MMU) is determined on a case-by-case basis, compromising scientific credibility with data availability and cost effectiveness.
Despite this fact, species distribution maps produced by gap analysis rarely incorporate error into the visual representation.
[11] Shifting baselines require that gap analysis incorporates a case-by-case consideration of management goals and definitions of conservation success.