Gardening in Spain

High levels of summer solar radiation in Spain have led to the creation of smaller, indoor gardens.

Urban gardening evolved during the 20th century, as well as ecological awareness, which has led to the creation of new parks around Spain.

Ancient Rome was very advanced in regards to its architecture and engineering, and their aqueducts helped irrigate gardens in remote areas.

This model also arose the villa, a rustic farm that generally served to accommodate middle-class civilians.

Roman gardens usually had structural and architectural elements such as porticos, arches, columns, exedras, swimming pools, wooden kiosks, pergolas, arbours, and even artificial grottos (nymphaea).

[9] The Duke of Alba's estate had a large private Flemish garden with topiary, waterworks, and grottoes.