Gavriil Kharitonovich Popov (Russian: Гавриил Харитонович Попов, IPA: [ɡəvrʲɪˈiɫ xərʲɪˈtonəvʲɪtɕ pɐˈpof]; born 31 October 1936), anglicised as Gabriel Popov, is a Russian politician and economist.

He joined the Soviet Communist Party in 1959 and served as a secretary of the Komsomol committee of his university.

Yegor Gaidar, who would become Prime Minister of Russia, was one of his students.

In 1990, he left the CPSU, following Boris Yeltsin's lead at the 28th Congress.

In January 2010, he and Luzhkov published an article highly critical of Yegor Gaidar.