[1][2] Second Sino-Japanese War Taishō period Shōwa period Asia-Pacific Mediterranean and Middle East Other campaigns Coups Soviet soldiers committed the massacre in Gegenmiao/Koken-miao (present day: Gegenmiao zhen; 葛根廟鎭), a town in the Horqin Right Front Banner of the Hinggan League of Inner Mongolia.

The Red Army shot refugees, ran them over with tanks or trucks, and bayoneted them after they raised a white flag.

Xing'an had long prepared for the Soviet invasion with the 'Xing'meng Measures', in which the evacuation plan was divided into three groups according to residential area and workplace location.

[10] Group 2: The plan was to evacuate the residents of the eastern half of Xing'an led by Counsellor Asano Ryozo, which included personnel from cooperative companies and the telegraph and telephone bureau.

[12] It is also explained that the Kwantung Army did not even inform the General Office officials of the retreat, and that the residents of the eastern area, many of whom were self-employed or office workers, were at a disadvantage in obtaining information and securing trucks and wagons, while the residents of the western area had military personnel who were the first to know about the situation.

[11] It is highly possible that the first to third groups were not mere divisions, but rather the order in which the Kwantung Army evacuated its own families and property first to ensure their escape.

However, the train was already gone, and although 30 horse-drawn wagons had been prepared earlier,[16] these had been requisitioned by the Kwantung Army the day before [14] (strictly speaking, one carriage was left behind for transporting sick people [15]).

In view of the fatigue of the women and girls and the security situation in the area, the plan was to go on foot to Gegenmiao Township, about 35 kilometres southeast of Xing'an Street, wait for the train (Bai'a Line) to Gegenmiao Station to arrive there, evacuate to Baichengzi (later Baicheng in Jilin Province) and take a train further south while receiving protection from the Kwantung Army there.

[15] At about 11:40 am on 14 August, when the action group reached the vicinity of the Gegenmyo Hill where the Lamaist temple is located, they encountered an infantry unit with 14 Soviet medium-sized tanks and 20 trucks.

It is said that the column stretched for two kilometres at this time, and that there were about a hundred or so survivors, although it is not clear who witnessed the incident and to whom the story was told.

Soviet troops launched an attack against the action column from the hilltop, with tanks advancing with machine-gun fire.

[4] One woman had her child killed by Soviet soldiers, followed by an attack by the Chinese, who stripped her of all her clothes and cut off her breasts with a sickle.

The women decided to take shelter in an abandoned house in a field a short distance from the station, but at night they were discovered by Soviet soldiers, who assaulted them until midnight.

When the assault was over, the Soviet soldiers threw a pile of dead grass from the outdoor area into the house, set it on fire and tried to burn the women to death.

[27][28] Fujiwara Sakuya describes this incident as the greatest tragedy encountered by Japanese refugees in Manchuria at the end of the war, in that they were indiscriminately massacred by the attack of one country's army rather than by a mob.

[32] Alternatively, it is possible that some kind of fighting had already occurred with other Japanese civilian groups during this period before the end of the war, and that the Soviet Army, which also had female soldiers, was under the impression that the Japanese, even as a civilian group, mixed with women and girls and participated in the fighting.