Masculinizing surgery

Chest reconstruction ("top surgery") can be an important component of transition in the transmasculine population that can substantially improve gender incongruence.

[1] Special techniques are used to contour and reduce the chest wall, position the nipples and areola, and minimize scarring.

[1] If the breast size is small, surgery that spares the skin, nipple and areola (subcutaneous nipple-sparing mastectomy) may be performed.

[citation needed] Research suggests that most transgender men are satisfied with their surgical results, with only 1% experiencing regret after the operation.

[7] Current ACOG guidelines recommend minimally invasive procedures, specifically vaginal hysterectomy, over surgical hysterectomy due to faster recovery time, shorter procedural time, shorter hospital stays and better quality of life.

[12] Phalloplasty is the process of constructing a penis using a flap (graft) from the patient's arm, thigh, abdomen, or back.

[medical citation needed] A neophallus created through phalloplasty relies on penile implants to achieve erection.

[13] Sexual sensation varies in location and intensity, but is usually preserved at least at base of the penis, where the original clitoris was.

[16] Penile implants are usually used in phalloplasty surgery due to the inability of the neophallus to achieve proper erection.

Facial masculinization also alters anatomical features to achieve an appearance that aligns more closely with gender identity.

Example of stage 1 female-to-male sex reassignment prior to glansplasty penis with tissue grafting scar on the left hip
Example of completed metoidioplasty including neourethra and scrotoplasty , two years post-operation. [ 14 ]