Omar Bradley

Bradley was working as a 17-cents-an-hour (equal to $5.56 today) boilermaker at the Wabash Railroad when he was encouraged by his Sunday school teacher at Central Christian Church in Moberly to take the entrance examination for the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York.

He was considered one of the most outstanding college players in the nation during his junior and senior seasons at West Point, noted as both a power hitter and an outfielder, with one of the best arms in his day.

Bradley was promoted to the temporary rank of major in June 1918[4] and assigned to command the second battalion of the 14th Infantry,[8] joined the 19th Division in August 1918, which was scheduled for European deployment, but the influenza pandemic and the armistice with Germany on 11 November 1918, that fall intervened.

Many Army officers present at the maneuvers later rose to very senior roles in World War II, including Bradley, Mark Clark, Dwight Eisenhower, Walter Krueger, Lesley J. McNair and George Patton.

Lieutenant Colonel Bradley was assigned to General Headquarters during the Louisiana Maneuvers but as a courier and observer in the field, he gained invaluable experience for the future.

[17] As a result of his excellent performance in the campaign, Bradley was promoted to Brevet lieutenant general on 2 June 1943[10][18] and continued to command II Corps in the Allied invasion of Sicily (codenamed Operation Husky).

After several postponements due to weather, the operation began on 25 July 1944, with a short, very intensive bombardment with lighter explosives, designed so as not to create more rubble and craters that would slow Allied progress.

Doughboys were dazed and frightened....A bomb landed squarely on McNair in a slit trench and threw his body sixty feet and mangled it beyond recognition except for the three stars on his collar.

[21]However, the bombing was successful in knocking out the enemy communication system, rendering German troops confused and ineffective, and opened the way for the ground offensive by attacking infantry.

[29] Though admitting that a mistake had been made, Bradley placed the blame on General Montgomery for moving the British and Commonwealth troops too slowly, though the latter were in direct contact with a large number of SS Panzer, paratroopers, and other elite German forces.

They had expected the German Wehrmacht to make stands on the natural defensive lines provided by the French rivers, and had not prepared the logistics for the much deeper advance of the Allied armies, so fuel ran short.

Montgomery argued for a narrow thrust across the Lower Rhine, preferably with all Allied ground forces under his personal command as they had been in the early months of the Normandy campaign, into the open country beyond and then to the northern flank into the Ruhr, thus avoiding the Siegfried Line.

Although Montgomery was not permitted to launch an offensive on the scale he had wanted, George Marshall and Hap Arnold were eager to use the First Allied Airborne Army to cross the Rhine, so Eisenhower agreed to Operation Market Garden.

Despite having the largest concentration of Allied army forces, Bradley faced difficulties in prosecuting a successful broad-front offensive in difficult country with a skilled enemy.

[35] At the end of the fighting in the Hurtgen, German forces remained in control of the Roer dams in what has been described as "the most ineptly fought series of battles of the war in the west.

"[37] At least one historian has attributed Eisenhower's support for Bradley's subsequent promotion to (temporary) four-star general (March 1945, not made permanent until January 1949) to, in part, a desire to compensate him for the way in which he had been sidelined during the Battle of the Bulge.

Bradley quickly exploited the crossing, forming the southern arm of an enormous pincer movement encircling the German forces in the Ruhr from the north and south.

Bradley was also an outspoken supporter of providing aid and improving relations with Yugoslavia, stating in an address to Congress on 30 November 1950, that "In the first place, if we could even take them out of the hostile camp and make them neutral, that is one step.

This marked the beginning of US military aid to a communist nation in order to counter Soviet ambitions in the region, leading to greater strives in United States–Yugoslavia relations.

[67][68] The impact of the Truman administration's defense budget cutbacks were now keenly felt, as poorly equipped American troops, lacking sufficient tanks, anti-tank weapons, or artillery were driven down the Korean peninsula to Pusan in a series of costly rearguard actions.

[69][70] In a postwar analysis of the unpreparedness of U.S. Army forces deployed to Korea during the summer and fall of 1950, Army Major General Floyd L. Parks stated that "Many who never lived to tell the tale had to fight the full range of ground warfare from offensive to delaying action, unit by unit, man by man...[T]hat we were able to snatch victory from the jaws of defeat...does not relieve us from the blame of having placed our own flesh and blood in such a predicament.

"[71] Bradley was the chief military policy maker during the Korean War, and supported Truman's original plan of 'rolling back' Communist aggression by conquering all of North Korea.

Soon after Truman relieved MacArthur of command in April 1951, Bradley said in Congressional testimony, "Red China is not the powerful nation seeking to dominate the world.

In 1967–1968 Bradley served as a member of President Lyndon Johnson's Wise Men, a high-level advisory group considering policy for the Vietnam War.

Screenwriters Francis Ford Coppola and Edmund H. North wrote most of the film based on Bradley's memoir, A Soldier's Story, and the biography, Patton: Ordeal and Triumph, by Ladislas Farago.

He so stays in the film...Napoleon once said that the art of the general is not strategy but knowing how to mold human nature...Maybe that is all producer Frank McCarthy and Gen. Bradley, his chief advisor, are trying to say.

Bradley lived during his last years in Texas at a special residence on the grounds of the William Beaumont Army Medical Center, part of the complex which supports Fort Bliss.

[84] Omar Bradley died on 8 April 1981, in New York City of a cardiac arrhythmia, a few minutes after receiving an award from the National Institute of Social Sciences.

[85] Bradley served on active duty continuously from his arrival at West Point on 1 August 1911 until his death on 8 April 1981; a total of 69 years, 8 months and 7 days.

Marshall and Eisenhower then arranged the effective dates of promotion to brigadier general based on where they wanted each of the individuals selected to rank in terms of seniority.

Bradley, photographed at West Point
Group photo of the 1915 West Point letterman. Bradley is standing in the back row, third from the right.
The 1912 West Point football team. Dwight D. Eisenhower is third from left. Louis Merillat is eighth from the left, in the A sweater. Omar Bradley is on the far right, to the left of Leland Hobbs .
McNair with General Omar Bradley during Louisiana maneuvers
Lesley J. McNair listens as Omar Bradley, 82nd Infantry Division commander, explains a scenario to McNair at the Louisiana Maneuvers
Major General Edward H. Brooks observing General Dwight D. Eisenhower , British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Lieutenant General Omar Bradley fire M1 carbines shortly before the Normandy landings , 15 May 1944. Stood to the far left, wearing a peaked cap , is Major General Charles H. Corlett .
Senior officers watching operations from the bridge of USS Augusta (CA-31) , off Normandy, 8 June 1944. They are (from left to right): Rear Admiral Alan G. Kirk , Lieutenant General Omar Bradley, Rear Admiral Arthur D. Struble (with binoculars), and Major General William B. Kean .
Lieutenant General Omar Bradley (left), Commanding General, U.S. First Army, listens as Major General J. Lawton Collins , Commanding General, US VII Corps , describes how the city of Cherbourg was taken. ( c. June 1944 )
Bradley (center) with Patton (left) and Montgomery (right) at Montgomery's 21st Army Group HQ, Normandy, 7 July 1944
Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall (center) and Army Air Forces Commander General Henry H. Arnold confer with Bradley on the beach at Normandy in 1944
From left to right: Major General Leven C. Allen , Lieutenant General Omar Bradley, Major General John S. Wood , Lieutenant General George S. Patton and Major General Manton S. Eddy being shown a map by one of Patton's armored battalion commanders during a tour near Metz, France, November 1944
Allied commanders conference, 11 April 1945. Lieutenant-General Sir Miles Dempsey (commanding the British Second Army ); General Omar Bradley (C-in-C 12th Army Group); Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery (C-in-C 21st Army Group ); Lieutenant General William H. Simpson (commanding the U.S. Ninth Army )
Senior American commanders of the European theater of World War II, 1945. Seated, from left to right, are William H. Simpson , George S. Patton , Carl Spaatz , Dwight D. Eisenhower , Omar Bradley, Courtney Hodges , and Leonard T. Gerow ; standing are (from left to right) Ralph F. Stearley , Hoyt Vandenberg , Walter Bedell Smith , Otto P. Weyland , and Richard E. Nugent
refer to caption
Official portrait of Bradley as the Administrator of Veterans Affairs , c. 1945
Secretary of Defense Louis Johnson swears in Bradley as the first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff during a ceremony in Washington, D.C., 16 August 1949
Portrait of General Omar Nelson Bradley
Portrait of Bradley
General Bradley's headstone in Arlington National Cemetery
Omar Bradley, General of the Army