Cameron began playing college soccer with the West Virginia Mountaineers and the Rhode Island Rams, as well as USL Premier Development League side Rhode Island Stingrays, before being drafted by Major League Soccer club Houston Dynamo in 2008.

After making 28 starts in two seasons at West Virginia Mountaineers, Cameron transferred to the University of Rhode Island for his junior and senior years.

[3] Cameron was an immediate starter and helped the Rhode Island Rams beat the Rutgers Scarlet Knights in the 2006 NCAA tournament, scoring in a shootout.

[5] Cameron played a key role for Houston in the CONCACAF Champions League and North American SuperLiga in 2008 and ended his debut season with 32 appearances, as the Dynamo reached the 2008 MLS Cup Playoffs but lost to New York Red Bulls in the semi-final.

[4] They edged past Seattle Sounders FC 1–0 before losing 2–0 to Los Angeles Galaxy in the Western Conference final.

[4] Cameron was selected for the 2009 MLS All-Star Game in Sandy, Utah, and he played all 90 minutes in the 1–1 draw with English Premier League side Everton.

He returned in August after undergoing knee surgery, and scored a 70th-minute header from a free kick by Brad Davis against D.C. United in the Dynamo's 3–1 win on September 25.

After beating Philadelphia Union over two legs, they defeated Sporting Kansas City 2–0 to reach the final of the MLS Cup against the Los Angeles Galaxy.

[4] Cameron agreed to join English Premier League club Stoke City on July 25, 2012, with the deal subject to a successful work permit appeal,[6] which was granted on August 8.

[16][17] Cameron continued to be a key player in his attacking full-back role under Hughes and provided an assist for Peter Crouch in a 2–1 win over Aston Villa on December 21, 2013.

He was sent-off for the first time in English soccer after conceding a penalty in a 4–1 FA Cup defeat away at Blackburn Rovers in February 2015.

[25] Cameron played 31 times for Stoke in 2014–15 as the Potters finished in 9th position for a second season running and they ended the campaign with a 6–1 victory against Liverpool.

[42] On May 13, 2021, Cameron returned to Major League Soccer and signed with FC Cincinnati on contract through the 2022 season with an additional option year.

He appeared as a substitute in the 86th minute for Robbie Rogers, recording his first cap for the national side, nearly scoring on a blazing strike that narrowly went over the bar.

NBC Sports interpreted that Klinsmann made the change as Cameron was better suited to take on Marouane Fellaini, a tall Belgian midfielder with a noted heading ability.

[53] Cameron started in every game at the Copa América Centenario in central defense alongside Hertha BSC's John Brooks, as the team finished in fourth place in 2016.

"Cameron's father Scott was a professional hockey player,[57] after having played for Mount Saint Charles Academy, a school that dominated the sport in Rhode Island.

[49] During his time at Houston Dynamo, Cameron took part in a series of community service efforts to raise money for local charitable organizations in 2011 and 2012.

[58] In March 2012, Cameron and the Dynamo announced the return of the 20 for 20 campaign with the same initial goal of $20,000, with proceeds going to the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society.

[61] Cameron endorsed Donald Trump in the 2016 United States presidential election and claimed he had political arguments with USMNT teammates, who he said were mostly liberal.

[57] He was one of the few sportspeople who expressed support for Trump's Executive Order 13769, which put a 90-day immigration freeze on several nations and suspended activity on the United States Refugee Admissions Program.