542) which stipulated the use of party-list proportional representation with seats apportioned by the largest remainder method under the Hare Quota.
Between 1998 and 2016, 5 geographical constituencies were established returned by proportional representation with 3-9 seats each: In 2010, the Government's motion for amending Annex II of the Basic Law was passed.
The binomial system was instituted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in its amendment to Annex 2 of the Basic Law on 30 March 2021.
The reduction of the number of members returned by geographic constituencies has been described as "significantly curbing democratic representation in Hong Kong's institutions".
[3] These changes have been described as a shift in power away from Hong Kong's urban core and towards the outer, less densely populated regions closer to mainland China, where pro-Beijing candidates tend to fare better.