He studied medicine at the Universities of Heidelberg, Göttingen and Halle, and following graduation traveled abroad to France, Italy and Algeria.
In 1860 he became an assistant to Bernhard von Langenbeck (1810-1887) in Berlin, and from 1865 to 1872, he was a professor of surgery at the University of Bern.
During the Franco-Prussian War, he was in charge of a hospital at Darmstadt, publishing Kriegschirurgische Fragen und Bemerkungen as a result.
Some of his better known writings were on battle-related surgery, diseases of the thyroid gland, and papers involving various tumors.
With Theodor Billroth (1829-1894), he was co-author of Deutsche Chirurgie, an undertaking begun in 1879 that comprised 66 parts.