[2] The Massacre of Chios in 1822 caused the destruction of the family ship-owning business, which, however, was eventually revived in the course of the 19th century, with the purchase of the ship S/V Kaesar by Georgios M. Livanos in 1878.
[5] Like his father Stavros, George Livanos traditionally maintained excellent relations with the governments and major petroleum companies of the Western world and especially the United States, which chartered his tankers, but also with governments of Communist countries such as the Soviet Union and China, which also often entered into agreements with him to transport cargo with his merchant fleet.
[6] Livanos played a very important role in the 1970s in the economic development of South Korea and in particular the Hyundai shipyards, which became the largest in the world.
Livanos came to an agreement with the then South Korean President, General Park Chung-hee (head of a military junta) to order ships to the Hyundai Heavy Industries before the shipyards were even completed.
This advance payment was then used as proof of the actual order required to start financing the shipyards by a consortium of international banks.