The former was the case with towns inhabited by Germans since the early Middle Ages until the end of Second World War, for instance Breslau, Eger, Hermannstadt or Stettin.
The latter was the case of, for instance, Polish towns annexed by Prussia or Austria after the Partitions of Poland, like Chodziesen, Jarotschin or Hohensalza or in annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina.
[citation needed] In some cases, especially in Eastern Central Europe, towns or cities were inhabited by significant numbers of members of two or more ethnic groups, including Germans.
As long as the places were part of Germany or Austria-Hungary, these German names were used invariably in German – and usually in English and most other languages too – while the local Slavic, Magyar, or Romanian inhabitants used their own names for the places in question.
German names of major cities like Danzig, Königsberg or Breslau are still recognizable and frequently used in Germany (Danzig about half the time; Breslau somewhat less).