Germans in Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)

There were several subregions and towns with German-speaking absolute or relative majorities in the interwar Czechoslovakian Republic.

Declared Nationality of Jews in Czechoslovakia[2] In addition, there was a sizeable German-speaking urban Jewish minority, for instance the writers Franz Kafka, Max Brod and Felix Weltsch, and Jewish politicians were elected as deputies, and even as leaders of German minority parties such as Ludwig Czech and Siegfried Taub in the German Social Democratic Workers Party in the Czechoslovak Republic or Bruno Kafka (second cousin of Franz Kafka) in the German Democratic Freedom Party [de].

Historically the degree of assimilation into the Czech language environment and culture and the effort to advance this process were significantly different.

During the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 82–90% of Jews declared German as they [sic] colloquial tongue, but during the First Republic a dramatic change occurred, as 47.8% claimed Jewish ethnicity in 1921 and 51.67% in 1930.

This fundamental shift in orientation was understandably accompanied by a decline in the share of Jews who identified themselves as ethnic Germans (to around 34–29%)[6]In 1936, there were 24 German-language schools in Subcarpathian Ruthenia, grouping 2,021 students.