Gerodermia osteodysplastica

[citation needed] These are: wrinkly, loose skin over the face, abdomen, and extremities (hands, feet) on the dorsal sides usually worsened by chronic joint laxity and hyperextensibility;[8][9] fragmented elastic fibers of the skin that are reduced in number, with disorientation of collagen fibers;[10] osteopenia and osteoporosis, with associated fractures;[7][8] malar hypoplasia (underdeveloped cheek bone),[11] maxillary hypoplasia (underdeveloped upper jaw),[7] mandibular prognathism (protrusion of the lower jaw and chin),[11][12] bowed long bones,[7] platyspondyly (flattened spine) related to vertebral collapse;[7][13] kyphoscoliosis (scoliosis with kyphosis, or "hunch back"),[13] metaphyseal peg (an unusual outgrowth of metaphyseal tissue which protrudes into the epiphyseal region of the bone, near the knee);[14] and the overall physical effects and facial appearance of dwarfism with premature aging.

[6][15] Other features and findings include: intrauterine growth retardation,[9] congenital hip dislocations,[9] winged scapulae (shoulder blades),[13] pes planus (fallen arches),[13] pseudoepiphyses of the second metacarpals (upper bone of the fingers),[13] hypotelorism (close-set eyes),[8] malformed ears,[15] developmental delay,[9] failure to thrive[8] and abnormal electroencephalograph (EEG) readings.

Including malocclusion of the dental arches (the maxilla and mandible),[13] radiological findings in some cases have indicated significant overgrowth of the mandibular premolar and molar roots;[12] hypercementosis (overproduction of cementum) of the molars and maxillary incisors;[12] enlarged, funnel-shaped mandibular lingula (spiny structures on the ramus of the mandible);[12] and a radiolucent effect on portions of many teeth, increasing their transparency to x-rays.

[7] But perhaps the most notable feature, differentiating GO from WSS and similar cutis laxa disorders, is the age-specific metaphyseal peg sometimes found in GO-affected long bone, near the knee.

This includes regular monitoring of bone density, physical therapy to improve joint function, and orthopedic interventions to manage fractures and dislocations.